Which complication can arise from improper management of diabetes?

The correct answer, diabetic coma, highlights a severe and potentially life-threatening complication that can arise from improper management of diabetes. When a person's blood sugar levels are not effectively controlled, they can experience extreme fluctuations that may lead to either hypoglycemia (low blood sugar) or hyperglycemia (high blood sugar).

A diabetic coma can occur in instances of extremely high blood sugar, where the body becomes unable to produce enough insulin, leading to a dangerous condition known as diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) or hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS). These conditions result in a buildup of acids in the bloodstream and can severely affect consciousness, putting the individual at risk for coma. Proper management, which includes regular monitoring of blood glucose levels and adherence to medication regimes, is essential to prevent such dangerous outcomes.

In contrast, while cardiovascular disease, nerve damage, and infection can also result from poorly managed diabetes, they typically develop over a longer duration and are chronic complications rather than immediate crises like a diabetic coma. Thus, recognizing and addressing the acute risk of diabetic coma is crucial in the context of diabetes management.